Layer 2

VLAN Explained: Access, Trunk, 802.1Q & Inter-VLAN Routing

VLAN Explained: Access Ports, Trunk Ports, 802.1Q Tagging, Native VLAN and Inter-VLAN Routing A single Ethernet switch can connect dozens…

3 weeks ago

MAC Address Table Explained: Switching, Learning & Flooding 2026

MAC Address Table Explained: How Switches Learn MAC Addresses, Forward Frames, Flood Traffic and Age Entries Ethernet switches can forward…

3 weeks ago

Spanning Tree Protocol Explained: STP, RSTP, BPDUs & Root Bridge 2026

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Explained: Root Bridge, BPDUs, Port Roles, RSTP and Layer 2 Loops Redundant links are essential in…

3 weeks ago

VLAN Explained: Access vs Trunk, 802.1Q & Inter-VLAN Routing

  VLAN Explained: Access Ports, Trunk Ports, 802.1Q, Native VLAN and Inter-VLAN Routing A modern Ethernet network can contain hundreds…

3 weeks ago

Router vs Switch: Layer 2 vs Layer 3 Explained

Router vs Switch: Key Differences, Layer 2 vs Layer 3, VLANs and Real Network Examples Routers and switches are two…

3 weeks ago