Network provides practical guides on business automation
How DNS Resolution Works: Recursive Resolvers, Root Servers, TLDs and Authoritative DNS Every time you open a website, connect to an API, send an email, or access a cloud service by name, the Domain Name System performs one of the…
DNS Record Types Explained: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, PTR and SRV The Domain Name System (DNS) does much more than translate domain names into IP addresses. Every website, email platform, cloud service, enterprise application, and network infrastructure depends…
Linux Inter-VLAN Routing with Network Namespaces: Build a Virtual Router Between VLANs VLANs are excellent for separating devices into independent Layer 2 broadcast domains. But isolation creates another requirement: What happens when devices in different VLANs need to communicate? Consider…
Linux Bridge VLAN Filtering Explained: Build a VLAN-Aware Virtual Switch with Network Namespaces A basic Linux bridge can connect multiple interfaces and forward Ethernet frames between them much like a software Layer 2 switch. But real networks rarely consist of…
Linux Bridge Networking with Network Namespaces and veth: Build a Virtual Layer 2 Network Linux can act as much more than an endpoint on a network. With Linux bridges, network namespaces, and veth pairs, a single Linux host can become…
Linux Network Namespaces Explained: Build Isolated Networks with ip netns and veth Modern Linux networking can do far more than assign IP addresses to physical interfaces. A single Linux machine can host multiple independent network environments, each with its own…
Linux VRF Explained: Build Isolated Routing Tables with iproute2 A Linux server can have multiple network interfaces, multiple gateways, and multiple routing tables. At first, ordinary routing may be enough. As the network grows, you may introduce source-based routing with…
Linux Policy Routing with ip rule and Multiple Routing Tables: Practical Troubleshooting Guide Most Linux systems can route traffic perfectly well with one routing table. Then you add a second network interface. Or a second Internet connection. Or a management…
Linux rp_filter Explained: Fix Asymmetric Routing and Multi-NIC Packet Drops A Linux server can receive a packet on the correct network interface and still silently discard it before your application ever sees it. The interface is up. The IP address…
Linux ARP Flux Explained: Fix Multiple NICs on the Same Subnet A Linux server with two network interfaces on the same subnet can produce one of the most confusing networking problems an administrator will encounter. Both interfaces are up. Both…